Works Cited
ABC News. Mother of Three May Become the First Female Referee in the NFL. YouTube. YouTube, 3 Aug. 2015. Web. 17 May 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WHjGs-9NXc>.
This video is about Sarah Thomas and her career of reffing. It also talks about how she might become the first female ref- which she did 5 days later. It also talks about how her career started and how she was treated.
Battista, Judy. "Sarah Thomas blazes trail as NFL's first full-time female official." NFL.com. NFL Enterprises, 8 Apr. 2015. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000484343/article/sarah-thomas-blazes-trail-as-nfls-first-fulltime-female-official>.
This article is about the first female referee in the NFL-Sarah Thomas. It describes how she started her reffing career and how she decided to become one. She was always a great athlete and she wanted a job that could keep her connected to sports-reffing-by talking to her brother she ended up going to that meeting. If she didn't ask what her brother was doing that night, she possibly could have never made history.
"Bernice Gera." Wikipedia. Wikipedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernice_Gera>.
This article is about the first umpire in the MLB-Bernice Gera. It describes how before she became the first female umpire, she was a secretary with a family. And it wasn't until she was in her mid-thirties was when she had the idea to become an ump. It describes how she had to go through training and going to court to become an ump. Her case did win, so she did become the first female ump. After she died, there hasn't been any more female umpires in the MLB.
Borzi, Pat. "Women Umpires are Striking Out in MLB." ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures, 9 Aug. 2011. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://espn.go.com/espnw/news/article/6843564/calling-shots-officially-unbalanced>.
This article is about how there hasn't been any umpires for the MLB, other than a woman named Bernice Gera. However, after her death, women still have not become umpires in the MLB. Not only that, but when Gera was wanting to become an umpire she had to take it to court to be allowed to become an ump.
Kaplan, Sarah. "How Sarah Thomas became the NFL’s first full-time female referee." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 9 Apr. 2015. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/04/09/how-sarah-thomas-became-the-nfls-first-full-time-female-referee/>.
This article is also about Sarah Thomas and her career and path to becoming the first official NFL female ref. This also has quotes that I used on my website. Not only that, but this came out the day after the NFL announced that Thomas would become the first female ref in the NFL history. Marking a historical moment and hoping that more women will think about becoming refs, and hoping that the NFL and other professional sports start hiring more female refs.
"List of National Basketball Association Referees." Wikipedia. Wikipedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Basketball_Association_referees>.
This article is a list of the referees in the NBA. I used this to show how there are only 2/79 refs in this league.
Makers. Violet Palmer: Moving Past Fear. YouTube. YouTube, 11 July 2012. Web. 17 May 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8X2Xcki5QYI>.
This video is about Violet Palmer-the first NBA female official. This describes her experience on her first game that she reffed in the NBA. She described that she was feeling scared out of her mind, but once she started reffing, it was just another game.
McManus, Jane. "Elite Officiating Tough for Women to Crack." ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures, 8 Aug. 2011. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://espn.go.com/espnw/news/article/6843564/calling-shots-officially-unbalanced>.
This article is about how there are barely any refs in professional athletics. It has a broad range of talking about the single ref in the NFL, none in hockey or baseball, and also with a few in the NBA. Since the first official female ref for the NFL, people are hoping that there will be more female refs that follow for the NFL and not only the NFL, but also all professional sports.
Spain, Sarah. "Refereeing at Highest Level a Long Shot in NHL." ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures, 12 Aug. 2011. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://espn.go.com/espnw/news/article/6849824/calling-shots-refereeing-highest-level-long-shot-nhl>.
This article is about refereeing in the NHL. Only one woman was able to ref a pro hockey game- Heather McDaniel. However, after her pregnancy she quit. After that no other woman has reffed a game. There are 50,000+ male refs that are signed up for minors and majors, etc., for hockey while there are only 28,000 women.
"Violet Palmer." Wikipedia. Wikipedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_Palmer>.
This article is about Violet Palmer, and she was the first female referee hired for the NBA. This article talks about her background and how she grew up being the only girl playing a sport, to playing multiple sports. They also talk about her referee career-starting off small and then becoming bigger. Now she is one out of two female refs in the NBA.
Zillgitt, Jeff. "Lauren Holtkamp Unfazed on Being NBA's Third Full-time Female Referee." USA Today. Gannett Satellite Information Network, 30 Sept. 2014. Web. 14 May 2015. <http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2014/09/30/lauren-holtkamp-female-referee/16498275/>.
This article is about a woman name Lauren Holtkamp, and she is the third official female referee of the NBA. It states about her past life as a referee, first reffing a middle school game, then she moved to the D-League, and then finally the big leagues- the NBA. This is about how even though she is the third woman to become a ref in the NBA, it hasn't changed her reffing skill, ability, and her-she is still an official ref who is fair, and is a great one to catch the fouls.
This video is about Sarah Thomas and her career of reffing. It also talks about how she might become the first female ref- which she did 5 days later. It also talks about how her career started and how she was treated.
Battista, Judy. "Sarah Thomas blazes trail as NFL's first full-time female official." NFL.com. NFL Enterprises, 8 Apr. 2015. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000484343/article/sarah-thomas-blazes-trail-as-nfls-first-fulltime-female-official>.
This article is about the first female referee in the NFL-Sarah Thomas. It describes how she started her reffing career and how she decided to become one. She was always a great athlete and she wanted a job that could keep her connected to sports-reffing-by talking to her brother she ended up going to that meeting. If she didn't ask what her brother was doing that night, she possibly could have never made history.
"Bernice Gera." Wikipedia. Wikipedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernice_Gera>.
This article is about the first umpire in the MLB-Bernice Gera. It describes how before she became the first female umpire, she was a secretary with a family. And it wasn't until she was in her mid-thirties was when she had the idea to become an ump. It describes how she had to go through training and going to court to become an ump. Her case did win, so she did become the first female ump. After she died, there hasn't been any more female umpires in the MLB.
Borzi, Pat. "Women Umpires are Striking Out in MLB." ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures, 9 Aug. 2011. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://espn.go.com/espnw/news/article/6843564/calling-shots-officially-unbalanced>.
This article is about how there hasn't been any umpires for the MLB, other than a woman named Bernice Gera. However, after her death, women still have not become umpires in the MLB. Not only that, but when Gera was wanting to become an umpire she had to take it to court to be allowed to become an ump.
Kaplan, Sarah. "How Sarah Thomas became the NFL’s first full-time female referee." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 9 Apr. 2015. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/04/09/how-sarah-thomas-became-the-nfls-first-full-time-female-referee/>.
This article is also about Sarah Thomas and her career and path to becoming the first official NFL female ref. This also has quotes that I used on my website. Not only that, but this came out the day after the NFL announced that Thomas would become the first female ref in the NFL history. Marking a historical moment and hoping that more women will think about becoming refs, and hoping that the NFL and other professional sports start hiring more female refs.
"List of National Basketball Association Referees." Wikipedia. Wikipedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Basketball_Association_referees>.
This article is a list of the referees in the NBA. I used this to show how there are only 2/79 refs in this league.
Makers. Violet Palmer: Moving Past Fear. YouTube. YouTube, 11 July 2012. Web. 17 May 2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8X2Xcki5QYI>.
This video is about Violet Palmer-the first NBA female official. This describes her experience on her first game that she reffed in the NBA. She described that she was feeling scared out of her mind, but once she started reffing, it was just another game.
McManus, Jane. "Elite Officiating Tough for Women to Crack." ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures, 8 Aug. 2011. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://espn.go.com/espnw/news/article/6843564/calling-shots-officially-unbalanced>.
This article is about how there are barely any refs in professional athletics. It has a broad range of talking about the single ref in the NFL, none in hockey or baseball, and also with a few in the NBA. Since the first official female ref for the NFL, people are hoping that there will be more female refs that follow for the NFL and not only the NFL, but also all professional sports.
Spain, Sarah. "Refereeing at Highest Level a Long Shot in NHL." ESPN. ESPN Internet Ventures, 12 Aug. 2011. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://espn.go.com/espnw/news/article/6849824/calling-shots-refereeing-highest-level-long-shot-nhl>.
This article is about refereeing in the NHL. Only one woman was able to ref a pro hockey game- Heather McDaniel. However, after her pregnancy she quit. After that no other woman has reffed a game. There are 50,000+ male refs that are signed up for minors and majors, etc., for hockey while there are only 28,000 women.
"Violet Palmer." Wikipedia. Wikipedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 15 May 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_Palmer>.
This article is about Violet Palmer, and she was the first female referee hired for the NBA. This article talks about her background and how she grew up being the only girl playing a sport, to playing multiple sports. They also talk about her referee career-starting off small and then becoming bigger. Now she is one out of two female refs in the NBA.
Zillgitt, Jeff. "Lauren Holtkamp Unfazed on Being NBA's Third Full-time Female Referee." USA Today. Gannett Satellite Information Network, 30 Sept. 2014. Web. 14 May 2015. <http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2014/09/30/lauren-holtkamp-female-referee/16498275/>.
This article is about a woman name Lauren Holtkamp, and she is the third official female referee of the NBA. It states about her past life as a referee, first reffing a middle school game, then she moved to the D-League, and then finally the big leagues- the NBA. This is about how even though she is the third woman to become a ref in the NBA, it hasn't changed her reffing skill, ability, and her-she is still an official ref who is fair, and is a great one to catch the fouls.